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Home › Tax glossary › P11D
UK tax glossaryUpdated October 2026What is a P11D?
A plain-English explanation from Cangaf's ACCA-qualified accountants, with the 2026/27 rules.
P11D in briefA P11D is the form employers use to report benefits in kind given to employees and directors, such as company cars, private medical insurance and cheap loans. It's due by 6 July after the tax year ends. The employer also files a P11D(b) and pays Class 1A National Insurance at 15% on the total benefits by 22 July.
Key facts
| Deadline | 6 July after the end of the tax year |
| Class 1A NI | 15% of the benefit value, paid by 22 July (19 July by cheque) |
| Common benefits | Company cars, fuel, health insurance, beneficial loans and accommodation |
| Payrolling | From April 2027, most benefits must be taxed through payroll instead of P11Ds |
How benefits are taxed
The value on the P11D is added to the employee's taxable income, usually through a change to their tax code. A company car's benefit depends on its list price and CO2 emissions, so electric cars have much lower benefit values.
What doesn't go on a P11D
Exempt benefits such as one mobile phone, workplace parking, pension contributions, trivial benefits of £50 or less, and expenses reimbursed at cost for business travel.
Payrolling benefits
Employers can already tax most benefits through payroll instead of P11Ds. From April 2027 this becomes compulsory for most benefits, so the P11D will largely be phased out.
Common questions
Who needs a P11D?
Any employee or director who received a taxable benefit or expense that wasn't payrolled or covered by an exemption. Directors of small companies often need one for a company car or loan.
What happens if a P11D is late?
Penalties of up to £300 per form, plus £60 a day if it stays late, and interest on late Class 1A National Insurance.
Do I pay tax on a company electric car?
Yes, but at a low rate. The benefit is a small percentage of the list price, rising slowly each year, which makes electric cars one of the most tax-efficient benefits.
Official guidance: Expenses and benefits for employers (GOV.UK)
